GSEB Class 8 Maths Notes Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals

This GSEB Class 8 Maths Notes Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals covers all the important topics and concepts as mentioned in the chapter.

Understanding Quadrilaterals Class 8 GSEB Notes

→ Paper is an example of plane figure.

→ A plane figure formed by joining number of points without lifting pencil from the paper and without retracing any portion of the drawing other than single points is called a curve.

→ A curve which cuts itself is called a closed curve.

→ A simple closed curve made up of only line segments is called a polygon, e.g., triangle, rhombus, pentagon, hexagon, etc.

→ Convex polygons have no portion of their diagonals in their exteriors. This is not the case with concave polygons.

→ All the sides of a regular polygon have equal lengths, i.e., they are equilateral and equiangular.

→ Angle sum property: The sum of angles of a quadrilateral is 360°.

→ Diagonal is a line segment connecting two non-consecutive vertices of a polygon.

→ Number of diagonals in a polygon of n sides = \(\frac{n(n-3)}{2}\)

→ Sum of all exterior angles of a polygon = 360°.

Kinds of Quadrilaterals:
1. Trapezium:
A quadrilateral having a pair of parallel sides is called a trapezium. Here, ABCD is a trapezium
In which \(\overline{\mathrm{AB}}\) ∥ \(\overline{\mathrm{CD}}\)
GSEB Class 8 Maths Notes Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals 1

2. Kite: A kite is a quadrilateral having two distinct consecutive pairs of sides of equal lengths. ABCD is a kite having AD = DC and AB=BC.
GSEB Class 8 Maths Notes Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals 2

3. Parallelogram:
A quadrilateral having its opposite sides parallel Is called a parallelogram.
GSEB Class 8 Maths Notes Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals 3
In this figure ABCD is a parallelogram such that AB = CD and \(\overline{\mathrm{AB}}\) ∥ \(\overline{\mathrm{CD}}\)
AD=BC and \(\overline{\mathrm{AD}}\) ∥ \(\overline{\mathrm{BC}}\)

GSEB Class 8 Maths Notes Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals

Properties of parallelogram:

  • The opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel.
  • The opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal.
  • The opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
  • The adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary.
  • The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
Some Special Parallelogram Properties
Rhombus:
A parallelogram with all the sides of equal length.
GSEB Class 8 Maths Notes Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals 4
1. Al the properties of a parallelogram.
2. DIagonals are perpendicular bisectors of each other.
Rectangle:
A parallelogram with all the right angles.
GSEB Class 8 Maths Notes Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals 5
1 All the properties of a parallelogram.
2. Each of the angles is a right angle.
3. DIagonals are equal.
Square:
A rectangle with all the sides of equal length.
GSEB Class 8 Maths Notes Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals 6
1. All the properties of a parallelogram. rhombus and a rectangle.
2. Each diagonal bisects the angle of the square.
Kite:
A quadrilateral with exactly two pairs of equal consecutive sides.
GSEB Class 8 Maths Notes Chapter 3 Understanding Quadrilaterals 7
1. The diagonals are perpendicular to each other.
2. One of the diagonals bisects the other.
3. In the figure m∠B=m∠D but m∠A ≠ m∠C. i.e., only one pair of opposite angles is equal.

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