Gujarat BoardĀ GSEB Solutions Class 12 English Second Language Unit 10 Read 1 Green Charter Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
GSEB Std 12 English Textbook Solutions Unit 10 Read 1 Green Charter (2nd Language)
GSEB Class 12 English Green Charter Text Book Questions and Answers
ComprehensionĀ
1. Which are the three most important suggestions from the text according to you ? Give reasons for each.
Climate change and Global warming are urgent and serious problems affecting our environment adversely. The three most important suggestions to restore global environment are as follows:
(1) Judicious use of water: Water is scarce and precious commodity. Acute scarcity will be experienced as time passes. It is very necessary to regulate the usage of water. We must adopt ourselves to stiffer water scarcities when crunch time comes.
(2) We should change the focus of our electricity consumption. Electricity is generated from sources which are scarce. Water is used to produce hydro electricity and uranium to produce nuclear power. Both of these are scarce. Therefore, we have to re-orient our electricity consumption habits.
(3) Household waste should be composted separately to restore global environment. The wet-waste and dry waste should be taken care of separately. This can produce a lot of useful manure besides achieving cleanliness. If cleanliness is not maintained it will cause harm to environment.
2. Make list of words / phrases which are positive and negative for environment.
Positive for environment | Negative for environment |
1. Instead of leaving all on government to solve environment problems, we should contribute our bit to it. | 1. Climatic changes and global warmings can lead to calamitous consequences. |
2. Individuals should adopt responsible lifeĀstyle. | 2. Emission of CO2 create terrible problems. |
3. We have to find a reasonable way to save our planet. | 3. GOGs Eire caused by an organization, event, product or persons. |
4. We have to reduce the emissions of CO2. |
4. GHGs sire emitted through transport, land clearance, production and consumption of food, fuels, manufactured goods, etc. |
5. Develop alternative sources of energy other than fossil fuel-derived energy. | 5. Emissions of GHGs CEinnot be reduced to zero. |
6. Try to counterbalance the emissions of CO2. | 6. It is undeniable that CO2 emissions from economic activities will continue and perhaps escalate. |
3. In suggestion no. 18, there is a discussion about the use of water. Can you find anybody in your surrounding who follows many or most of the suggestions ? Tell your class about him / her.
My neighbour Champaklal follows most of the suggestions done to save water. He also tries to bring about awareness among the members by setting an example.
He uses a mug while shaving and does not allow water to gush on through the tap. He uses washing machine once a week by collecting clothes over the week. He uses swab- cloth to clean the floor instead of washing it.
4. Here are some suggestions. Consider whether they are easily applicable, tough to apply or mostly impossible. Write E (Easy) / T (Tough) /1 (Impossible) for each.
(1) Solar water heater [T]
(2) Washing clothes 2/3 times a week [E]
(3) Water harvesting [T]
(4) Using battery driven vehicles [E]
(5) Solar mobile phone charger [T]
(6) Solar lights and fans [T]
(7) Maximum use of bicycle [T]
(8) Cleaning car with a wet cloth. [E]
5. How would you apply these terms in your own life ? Give one example of each.
Rās | Example | Practice / IdeaĀ Ā Ā |
Recycle | Make cards from old paper/Remains of food should be composted to produce manure. | I have a small garden in which a pit is dug. All the wet-waste is dumped here and then covered to form menure. |
Reduce | Use half sheet of paper instead of full to write a note. | Whenever I write a small note in most cases only half page is used and the remaining half is preserved. |
Reuse | Use the blank side of printed papers and leaflets. | I use the blank side of printed papers to practise Maths or Science problems. |
Repair | Repair old watch and use it. | Whenever an old watch is damaged, I repair it and use it instead of throwing it away. |
Reclaim | Take out a toy from the scrap and use its motor for your project. | I never throw away the motor in a scrap toy instead I used it for some project assigned by the teacher. |
Restore | Colour old tins, swings, etc. to take them in use. | I colour old tins and use them to plant flower plants. |
6. Give your arguments for or against these statements. (Support your argument with āhowā and āwhyā.)
Question 1.
We do not need to wait for governments alone to find solutions to these terrible problems.
Answer:
Climate change and Global warming are serious problems that can lead to tragic consequences. It is not only the task of the government but the concern of every citizen to assist the government to eliminate these problems. Every citizen has to adopt himself to the lifestyle where emissions of GHG can be controlled. This can save our planet before it is too late.
Question 2.
… considerable CO2 emissions from economic activity in the globe will continue and perhaps escalate over the foreseeable future.
Answer:
GHGs are emitted through transport, land clearance and production and consumption of food and fuels, manufactured goods, etc. These are all controlled by individuals, as such we are responsible to play a major role in eliminating GHGs, which contain CO2 If this is not done it will escalate emission which will prove harmful to human life.
Question 3.
Pamphlets for advertisements should be controlled.
Answer:
Paper is manufactured from numerous trees. More consumption of paper is harmful to preservation of forest this will in turn cause ecological imbalance
Question 4.
Use of plastic should be banned.
Answer:
Bio-degradable plastics have pronounced ecological edge over conventional plastics. Plastic waste causes a lot of damage. This damage can be stopped if plastic waste is given another form of usage.
7. Answer the following questions:
Question 1.
Do you use e-books ? How does it affect environment ?
Answer:
Yes, I like e-books. They save wastage of paper. Their physical transportation is not needed, so wastage of fuel also can be saved.
Question 2.
How many trees have you planted so far?
Answer:
I have planted a minimum of ten trees.
Question 3.
What is carbon footprint ?
Answer:
Carbon footprint is emission of CO2. It is subset of the ecological footprint. It is the total set of greenhouse gas emission caused by an organisation, event, product or person.
Question 4.
What are the causes of GHG ?
Answer:
GHG is caused by transport, land clearance, the production and consumption of food, fuels, manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, buildings and services.
(A) Additional Questions and Answers
Answer the following questions:
Question 1.
What does the writer say about Climate change and Global warming ? What are our duties in this regard ?
Answer:
The writer says that Climate change and Global warming are dramatically urgent and serious problems that can lead to calamitous consequences. He adds that we do hot need to wait for governments alone to find solutions to these terrible problems.
Each individual can play an important part by simply adopting a more responsible lifestyle. We should begin with some little, everyday Dos and Donāts. Itās the only reasonable way to save our planet, before it is too late.
Question 2.
What does the writer say about judicious and calibrated use of water ?
Answer:
The writer says that judicious and calibrated use of water is the need of the hour. Every action pertaining to water consumption should be well calibrated. Water is a scarce and precious commodity.
Scarcity is going to be felt more seriously in coming decades. Some of the simple ways could be imbibed and made part of a simple drill to regulate our life.
Using a mug instead of a running tap while shaving, using washing machine only once or twice a week, using wet cotton to clean the floors instead of washing them, etc. can save a lot of water.
Question 3.
Three more āRās – Explain.
Answer:
The writer suggests to imbibe three more āRās with respect to water, viz. āRepairā, āReclaimā and āRestoreā in addition to, the three, conventional ones – āRecycleā, āReduceā and āReuseā.
Instead of throwing away old electronic watches, toys, etc., we should repair and use them. These six āRās should be the buzzwords for the coming decades until we restore global environment back on its original track.
(B) Short note
Write a short note focussing on the questions:
Green Charter
Or
Measures to control / restrain Global Warming
- What to do to restrain Global Warming?
- What are Dos and Donts ?
- Reducing Carbon Footprints.
- How can we save paper, electricity and water ?
- What are the alternatives ?
- Do we require to bring about changes in our ways of using things ?
- What are Six āRās to restore global environment ?
- What is ecological wisdom ? What should humans learn ?
Answer:
We, in future, will have to face terrible problems because of continual climate change and Global warming. We can put control on worsening situation by following certain Dos and Donāts. Emissions of CO2 or Carbon Footprints should be reduced at any cost. Greenhouse gases emitted through transport, fuels, manufactured goods, etc. should be curtailed.
We should use solar energy in place of electricity. We can lessen the use of paper by using soft e-devices. Energy efficient gadgets like air-conditioners, ovens, refrigerator should be put into use replacing the older ones.
LED lights can save a lot of electricity. Battery driven means of transport should be given preference. We should prefer walking, cycling or using public transport. We should re-orient our electricity consumption habits.
We should buy intelligently like buying recycled paper products and prefer bio-degradable plastics over conventional plastics. We should use water judiciously and calibratedly and save it by changing our ways of its use. We should protect forests and cultivate barren stretched of land growing bio-fuel crops.
Household wet-waste should be composted separately. Imbibing three āRās with respect to water, viz. āRepairā, āReclaimā and āRestoreā in addition to the three conventional ones, i.e., āRecycleā, āReduceā and āReuseā.
We should adopt this ecological wisdom by all means, which is the Requirement that humans learn to live within Earthās ecological and natural resource limits.
(C) Reading Comprehension
Read the following extracts and answer the questions:
(1) It is important for all of us to think in terms of first reducing our emissions of CO2 or Carbon Footprints. The carbon footprint is a subset of the ecological footprint.
A carbon footprint is the total set of greenhouse gas emissions caused by an organization, event, product or person. Greenhouse gases can be emitted through transport, land clearance, and the production and consumption of food, fuels, manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, buildings, and services.
Questions:
(1) What is the carbon footprint ?
(2) How are greenhouse gases emitted ?
Answers:
(1) The carbon footprint is a subset of the ecological footprint. It is a total set of greenhouse gas emissions caused by an organisation, event, product or person.
(2) Greenhouse gases are emitted through transport, land clearance and the production and consumption of food, fuels, manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, buildings and services.
OR
Questions:
(1) What important step should be taken first ?
(2) Who emits greenhouse gas ?
Answers:
(1) First of all, we should think how we can reduce our emissions of CO2 or Carbon Footprints.
(2) An organization, event, product or person emits greenhouse gas.
(2) It is often seen that pamphlets are printed in large numbers and indiscriminately distributed to all and sundry without any regard to their relevance to the recipients. Later on these trash papers lie discarded on streets, leaving an enormous burden of carbon footprint. Printing of pamphlets should be regulated and disseminated to concerned individuals only.
Questions:
(1) How are pamphlets distributed ?
(2) What suggestion is given regarding the pamphlets ?
Answers:
(1) Pamphlets are printed in large numbers and randomly distributed to all and sundry without any regard to their relevance to the recepients.
(2) Pamphlets are usually found lying discarded on street leaving a huge burden of carbon footprint. So printing of such pamphlets should be regulated and distributed to concerned individuals only.
(3) We should re-orient (change the focus of) our electricity consumption habits both at home and office. For instance, we should switch off fan, cooler, or AC whenever not required or not in use. Generally, people are careless at offices. Lights can be seen on even at unwarranted places or hours. Houses and offices should be constructed to receive natural sunlight, obviating (avoiding) use of lamps in the daytime.
Questions:
(1) How can we re-orient our electricity consumption habits ?
(2) How should houses and offices be constructed ?
Answers:
(1) We can re-orient our electricity consumption habits both at home and office. We should switch off fan, cooler or AC whenever not required or not in use.
(2) Houses and offices should be constructed to receive natural sunlight avoiding use of lamps in daytime.
(4) Imbibe three more Rās with respect to water, viz. āRepairā, āReclaimā and āRestoreā in addition to the three conventional ones – Recycle, Reduce and Re-use. We easily throw away old electronic watches and toys, etc.
We should repair and use them. If an old bicycle lays unused, instead of buying new one, the old one should be cleaned, oiled, serviced and restored. These six Rās should be the buzzwords for the coming decades until we restore global environment back on its original track.
Questions :
(1) Which three āRās with respect to water are suggested?
(2) How can we restore global environment back on its original track? Illustrate.
Answers :
(1) With respect to water, we are suggested three new āRās, viz. āRepairā, āReclaimā and āRestoreā in addition to the three conventional ones -āRecycleā, āReduceā and āRe-useā.
(2) We should repair and re-use electronic watches, toys, an old bicycle, etc. instead of throwing them away in garbage. The use of all these three āRās can restore global environment back on its original track.
(5) Use of bicycle should be made popular. We should observe ācycle dayā once in a month and on that day cycle riding alone should be allowed barring emergencies. People used to go for their daily chores on cycle in old times. Why canāt we do the same today ? In recreational trips, we can opt for bicycle instead of car or motorbike.
Questions:
(1) How should the use of bicycle be made popular ?
(2) Find out the word from the extract that means ādone for pleasure or relaxationā.
Answers :
(1) We should observe āCycle Dayā once in a month and on that day cycle riding alone should he allowed barring emergencies. People should go for their daily chores and in recreational trips on bicycles.
(2) āDone for pleasure or relaxationā = recreational.
(6) Forests should be protected and conserved by one and all. Forests store huge quantity of carbon, and so play a critical role in carbon control. Household wet-waste should be composted separately. Post made for receiving such waste could be purchased from the market.
Questions:
(1) Why should we protect and conserve forests ?
(2) What should be composted separately ?
Answers:
(1) We should protect and conserve forests because they store huge quantity of carbon, and so they play a critical role in carbon control.
(2) Household wet-waste should be composted separately.
(D) Say True or False
Write whether the following sentences are True or False:
(1) We need to adopt a more responsible lifestyle ( to save our planet.
(2) The carbon footprint is a subset of the ecological footprint.
(3) GHG means GreenHouse Gujarat.
(4) Every single aspect of our economy is dependent on fossil fuel-derived energy and resources.
(5) Solar lanterns can replace electric bulbs.
(6) We should depend more on hard copies for reading work.
(7) More printouts means more cutting of trees.
(8) We should leave our appliances on standby mode.
(9) Battery driven vehicles emit negligible carbon footprint.
(10) We should travel / commute by public transport rather than private vehicles.
(11) We should not buy recycled paper products.
(12) Ethanol and Jatropha are promising bio-fuels.
(13) Household wet-waste should be composted separately.
(14) Judicious and calibrated use of water is the need of the hour.
(15) Three conventional āRās are āRepairā, āReclaimā and āRestoreā.
Answer:
(1) True
(2) True
(3) False
(4) True
(5) True
(6) False
(7) True
(8) False
(9) True
(10) True
(11) False
(12) True
(13)True
(14)True
(15) False
Vocabulary
1. Add one suitable word to each series of the words given in the brackets.
[commodity, shredded, accumulate, emission, scarce, negligible, augment, disseminate, adapt]
(1) exhalation, discharge, emanation, emission
(2) assemble, compile, gather, accumulate
(3) enhance, boost, add to, augment
(4) spread, circulate, disperse, disseminate
(5) deficient, sparse, in short supply, negligible
(6) torn, mutilated, broken, shredded
(7) get used to, accustom, fit, adapt
(8) trivial, minute, trifling, scarce
2. Fill in the blanks using words from the brackets.
[aspect, cogent, emission, consumption, scarce, consequences, initiate, acute, negligible, obviates, judicious]
(1) Excessive consumption of fat can lead to heart trouble.
(2) He can initiate proposals for new laws.
(3) A negligible amount of damage was done to the vehicle.
(4) The politicianās cogent argument against the war won him many votes in the election.
(5) Since Bina has an acute fear of drowning, she has never entered a swimming pool.
(6) The flyover obviates the need to drive at a snailās pace.
(7) He did realize the consequences of his actions.
(8) In almost all aspects of life, the application of this process will bring improvements.
3. Match the words in part āAā with those in part āBā appropriately and use them in the sentences of your own.
Part āAā | Part āBā | SentencesĀ |
1. judicious | a. moment | Ex: It is necessary to make judicious use of water. |
2. negligible | b. problem | Battery driven scooters enforce negligible pressure on environment. |
3.enormous | c.consumption | Trash papers discarded on streets leave an enormous burden of carbon footprint. |
4. excessive | d. areas | Avoiding usage of excessive amount of electricity will restore global environment. |
5. acute | e. amount | Acute problem of water shortage will arise if water is not used judiciously. |
6. remote | f. argument | Solar lanterns should be installed in remote areas. |
7. precious | g. waste | Precious moments of on our plant can be enjoyed if environment is preserved. |
8. wet | h. burden | Wet waste if composted separately can produce a lot of useful manure. |
9. water | i. use | Water consumption should be minimised to prevent acute shortage in near future. |
10. cogent | j. pressure | Cogent arguments are forwarded to ban the use of plastics. |
Answer:
(1 ā i), (2 ā j), (3 ā h), (4 ā e), (5 ā b), (6 ā d), (7 ā a), (8 ā g), (9 ā c),
(10 ā f)
4. Circle the letter of each correct answer to the questions. There can be more than one answer.
1. What can be emitted ?
(a) radiation
(b) gas
(c) water
(d) smoke
2. What can be disseminated ?
(a) information
(b) pamphlets
(c) knowledge
(d) chairs
3. What can be scarce ?
(a) oil supply
(b) resources
(c) water supply
(d) reptiles
4. What can be imbibed ?
(a) good habits
(b) virtues
(c) cereals
(d) integrity
5. What can be accumulated?
(a) magazines
(b) garments
(c) horror
(d) skill
6. What can be initiated ?
(a) project
(b) research
(c) toxins
(d) furniture
Answer:
(1) ā (b),(d); (2) ā (a),(c); (3) ā (a),(c); (4) ā (a),(b); (5) ā (a), (b); (6) ā (a),(b).
5. Find out sentences containing the following words / phrases from the Read and writeā them down. Also use them In the sentences of your own.
Example : remote
Textual Sentence: Solar heater should be Installed In every household especially in remote areas.
Our sentence : The Smith family loves travelling to remote locations.
(1) escalate over
Textual Sentence: Emissions from economic: activity will continue and escalate.
Our sentence: House prices have escalated rapidly over the previous ones.
(2) gush on
Textual Sentence: Use a mug while shaving
Instead of allowing the water tap to gush on.
Our sentence : When Rajesh met with an accident blood gushed on through wounds.
(3) Promise: Promising biofuels :
Sentence : Ethanol and Jatropha are promising bio-fuels.
(4) Shred : Shredded paper :
Sentence: Shredded paper is cheap and can be purchased from the market.
(5) Recreation : Recreational trips
Sentence : Our school carries out recreational trips once In a year.
(6) Reason : Reasonable way
Sentence : Children in the adolescent stage should be treated in a reasonable way.
Function
1 (A) Observe the screenshots and go through instructions sorted out below. Find out and add more instructions.
Click here to know status of your Aadhar.
Answer:
(1) Go to the e-Aadhar section of the UIDAI website.
(2) Fill up Aadhar number.
(3) Fill up Enrolment number.
(4) Enter the date and time as it appears on the acknowledgment slip.
(5) Enter your full name.
(6) Enter the pin code of your area.
(7) Enter the image text as given above.
(8) Enter the mobile number registered with Aadhar.
(9) Enter your Aadhar number.
(10) Generate OTP (One Time Password).
– Now you can validate and Download the card.
(B) You will get this screen. Study it and do as suggested.
1. Get E-Aadhaar
2. Get Aadhaaronmobile
3.Check Aadhaar Status
4. Get Enrolled
5. Update Aadhaar-data
2. Here are the steps to create an email account. Follow them and try to create your e-mail account. Did it work? If not, find out the proper order of instructions and re-arrange them, (in lab or home)
(1) Choose your username…… @gmail.com
(2) First name
(3) Second name
(4) Confirm your password
(5) Create a password
(6) Birth date
(7) Gender
(8) Mobile phone
(9) Location
(10) Answer
(11) Security question
(12) Recovery-email
(13) Word verification
(14) Take me to my account
(15) Congratulations ! You have successfully created your Gmail account
(16) Terms of services : Agree / Disagree
Note: Students will try to create an email account on their own.
3. (A) here are steps to read your email on. your desktop computer. Read out carefully.
Underline the c-words and get their meanings from your friends/teacher/Internet.
1. Go to your desktop computer and turn out it.
2. Connect your computer to internet.
3. Find out the internet browser icon and click on it.
4. Go to the Gmail through Google.
5. Sign in Gmail and type your mail Id.
6. Type your Password.
7. Browse the inbox in your mail account.
8. Search out for the mail and read it.
9 Close the mail
10 Sign out gmail
11. Close the Google Search.
12. Disconnect the Internet.
13. Log off the desktop computer.
(B) Now follow this process at the computer lab at your school and read your mail.
(C) Nandan wants to read email so he starts like this.
- He turns on the desktop
- He searches out the internet browser.
- He browses Gmail through Google.
- He clicks on the browser.
- He connects the desktop to internet.
- He searches for the Gmail.
If Nandan followed these steps, would he be able to read his emails? Revise the process and correct it, if necessary:
- He signs in the Gmail.
- He types his mail Id.
- He enters the password.
- He then browses the inbox.
Will he be able to read mail? Yes/No
Now, tell Nandan what he should do to read mails and finish the process.
Answer:
- Turn your desktop on.
- Connect the desktop to internet.
- Search out internet browser.
- Click on the browser.
- Search for Gmail.
- Type your mail Id.
- Enter your password.
- Sign in Gmail.
- Browse the inbox and you will be able to read your mails.
4. Rutva wants to have a print out of docs.file which she has received as an attachment in mail. Help her by arranging the in a proper order.
[ 4 ] Open the mail from inbox.
[ 2 ] Type your mail Id.
[ 3 ] Type your Password.
[ 5 ] Download the attachment.
[ 1 ] Open the mail through Google.
[ 9 ] Select the connected printer.
[ 12 ] Now click on the Print button and have a print.
[ 6 ] Open the downloaded attachment.
[ 10 ] Choose the colour/black, format and size of paper.
[ 7 ] Select the required pages you want to have print out.
[ 8 ] Give print command either Ctrl + p or Choose from short cut command icon.
[ 11 ] Select the nos, of pages : All. 1 – 4. current page. etc.
5. Letās learn how to seek information on websites by just using appropriate key-words. Here is an example. Suppose you want to have information about Hamlet-a tragedy written by Shakespeare. Go through these screenshots explaining the use of the key-words like Shakespeare, (in lab or home)
Then, search about William Shakespeare through Wikipedia
Now open the link by clicking on the word Hamlet.
Now follow this example, make a list of similar key-words and search the information related to the topics given below:
- Speech of Gandhiji during 2nd Round-table Conference
- Theory of Relativity
- Fire ants
- Statue of Socrates and Plato
- Life on Antarctica
- Talks by J. Krishnamurthy
- Photos of the persons mentioned in this textbook
Answer:
1. Click on browser.
2. Type www.google.com in address bar
3. In search box type āSpeech of Gandhiji during 2nd Round-table Conferenceā.
4. Click on search button (If photos needed, click on Image button.)
5. List of websites regarding this topic will be displayed.
6. Click on suitable link to open that particular site.
Note: For all these given searches, you will have to type the required topic in the search box. (see step No. 3)
6. Complete the dialogue selecting the proper expressions from the bracket.
(Click on the hyperlink, clicking a new tab, type www.youtube.com, paste/type the URL of video, type www.keepvid.com, click download, start a new tab, typing Sholey – movie in search panel)
Rahil : Hey, Kevin. I watched āBlackā yesterday again. It is an adaptation of Helen Kellerās life story.
Kevin : Great. I want to have it so that I can watch it whenever I wish.
Rahil : Oh, I watched it online. But you can download it from youtube.com
Kevin : Hmmm. But you know my limitation. I am not used to surfing on internet and downloading.
Rahil : Dear, just start your internet browser. Then type www.youtube.com in the address bar.
Kevin : OK. I can do that. I know this.
Rahil : Then search for the movie by typing āBlackā movie in the search panel.
Kevin : Hmm. Then ?
Rahil : Click on the hyperlink that shows the movie. The next step is to clicking a new tab.
Kevin : A new tab ?
Rahil : Yes, you can go parallel to a new screen by start a new tab where you need to type www.keepvid.com in its address bar.
Kevin : What is this website about ?
Rahil : You cannot download videos from youtube directly. Such websites help you to download these videos.
Kevin : Great.
Rahil : On the screen, paste / type the URL of video taken /copied from the youtube.com Kevin : Then I have to click download
Rahil : Yes, good going. The movie will be downloaded in your computer.
Kevin : A good learning for me, and Iām happy that the movie āBlackā is at my fingertip. Thanks a lot for all this.
7. Open a search engine type key-words 10 best job portals in Indiaā or ācareer websitesā. Open a link and apply online for a suitable job.
Note: Students will open a search engine, search with the help of same key-words. Then open a link and apply online for a suitable job themselves.
8. Match the commands in āAā with their corresponding actions in āBā.
āAā | āBā | Answer |
1. Visit Hyperlink | A. Browsing the file and selecting JPG | (1ā E) |
2. Download | B. Clicking the selected docs, audio-video files, images using | (2 ā B) |
3. Create Password | internet | (3 ā D) |
4. Upload Photo | C. Clicking the tab and receiving digits in SMS | (4 ā A) |
5. Get OTP | D. Typing the special characters and keys | (5 ā C) |
6. Enter Security Code | E. Following another text or sites by clicking or tapping | (6 ā G) |
7. Copy | E Select the file and press Ctrl + C | (7 ā F) |
8. Search the specific information in Google | G. Typing jumbled letters / numbers given as Captcha
H. Typing the key-words in inverted commas |
(8 ā H) |
Activity
Organize a āBest out of Wasteā competition in your class.
Focus on plastic, i.e., empty bottles, used tooth brush, empty food packets, etc.
Put a collection box for used pen in your class. Prepare a showcase piece out of collected pens.
Note: Students will carry out this activity themselves in a classroom situation.
Project
Visit a nearby vegetable market. Study how thin (less than 40 micron) plastic is used. List disadvantages of such plastic. Find the ways out. Make a nice pamphlet and get a few copies. Collect some money and buy cloth bags. Go to the market. Talk to people. Gift them cloth bags. Convince them not to use plastic bags.
Note: Students will carry out this project themselves by visiting a nearby market.
Green Charter Summary in Gujarati
ąŖŖąŖæąŖ°ąŖæąŖąŖÆ ąŖ ąŖ²ą«ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ°ąŖ£ ąŖøąŖąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ§ąŖØ ąŖ¤ąŖ„ąŖ¾ ąŖøą«ąŖ°ąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą« ąŖą«. ąŖąŖ¬ą«ąŖ¹ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖµ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖ¬ąŖ² ąŖµą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖæąŖąŖ ąŖąŖąŖØą« ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ¦ąŖØą« ąŖąŖąŖą«ąŖ° ąŖøąŖ®ąŖøą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖøąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ ąŖøąŖ®ąŖøą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖą«ąŖ² ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ¶ą« ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¹ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ¬ą«ąŖøą« ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ ąŖØąŖ¹ąŖæ ąŖµąŖ³ą«.
ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ¶ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ°ą«ąŖą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖ¦ąŖæąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ ąŖÆą«ąŖąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖØ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖ¶ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ®ąŖÆ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖąŖÆą« ąŖą«. ąŖą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¹(ąŖŖą«ąŖ„ą«ąŖµą«)ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖ¶ąŖÆ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖ„ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¶ą«, ąŖ¤ą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ¬ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ²ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖµą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ¬ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖµą« ąŖ ąŖØąŖæąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«. ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖØąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖµąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ°, ąŖąŖ¦ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖ„ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ ąŖ„ąŖ¤ą« CO2 ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖµą« ąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¶ą«. CO2 ąŖŖą«ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖøą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą«, ąŖøą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆ-ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾, ąŖąŖ³-ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖµą« ąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¶ą«.
ąŖŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ°ąŖ£ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØ ąŖąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¶ą«. ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ³ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖą«ąŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØąŖæąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ§ą«ąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ„ą« ąŖ„ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖµąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖØ ąŖąŖŖąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¶ą«. ąŖąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµąŖ§ą« ąŖµą«ąŖąŖ³ą« ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¶ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖą«ąŖą«ąŖøąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ą« ąŖØąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµą«ąŖąŖ³ą« ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ¤ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ§ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖą«ąŖąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¶ą«.
ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖą«ąŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØąŖæąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ§ąŖØą«ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖą«ąŖØą«ąŖ”ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ” ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖØ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ, ąŖ¬ą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖøąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖ§ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ”ą« ąŖØ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¢ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖØą«ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¶, ąŖµą«ąŖąŖ³ą« ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¶ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖµą« ąŖøą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖµą«, ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖØą«ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ² ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ, ąŖąŖąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ, ąŖąŖą«ąŖąŖ” ąŖąŖ®ą«ąŖØ ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖµą«ąŖ¤ąŖ° ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą«ąŖ, ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖąŖØąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖ® ąŖŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖøą«ąŖąŖæąŖąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą«, ąŖøą«ąŖąŖ¾-ąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ą«
ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ° ąŖµąŖæąŖą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ, ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖą« ąŖąŖæąŖąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ³ą« ąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖøąŖąŖ¦ąŖą« ąŖąŖŖąŖµą«, ąŖ°ąŖæąŖ«ąŖæąŖ²ą«ąŖøąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖµą«, ąŖµąŖ°ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¹ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą«, ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖæąŖµą«ąŖąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ£ ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą«, ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¢ąŖæąŖąŖ¤ āąŖ°ąŖæąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ²ā, āąŖ°ąŖæąŖą«ąŖÆą«ąŖøā ąŖ ąŖØą« āąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆą«ąŖ’ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ āąŖ°ąŖæąŖŖą«ąŖ°’, ąŖ°ąŖæąŖą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖąŖ®ā ąŖ ąŖØą« āąŖ°ąŖæąŖøą«ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ£ ąŖąŖ®ą«ąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ; ąŖąŖ®, ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖąŖµąŖæąŖ§ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ°ąŖ£ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖøąŖąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ§ąŖØ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖ°ąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾ ąŖ„ąŖ ąŖ¶ąŖą«.
Glossary (ąŖ¶ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„)
Phrases and Idioms
Scientific Terms
ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ·ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ°
ąŖąŖ¬ą«ąŖ¹ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ąŖØ ąŖ ąŖØą« ‘ąŖą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖ¬ąŖ² ąŖµą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖæąŖąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖąŖ¤ ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ¦ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖą«ąŖ° ąŖąŖµą« ąŖøąŖ®ąŖøą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖą«, ąŖą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖąŖØąŖ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖ®ą« ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą« ąŖą«. ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖą«ąŖ° ąŖøąŖ®ąŖøą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¹ąŖ² ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ«ąŖą«ąŖ¤ ąŖøąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¹ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ° ąŖØąŖ„ą«.
ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¬ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ‘ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖąŖ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą«ąŖā ąŖ ąŖØą« āąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖąŖ ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖ¶ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą«ąŖ· ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØąŖ¶ą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖ ąŖŖąŖØąŖ¾ąŖµą«, ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖ¦ąŖæąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ¬ ąŖ®ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖµą« ąŖ¶ąŖą« ąŖą«. ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖąŖ¤ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖ„ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖŖąŖØą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¹ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖ ąŖ ąŖÆą«ąŖą«ąŖÆ ąŖ°ąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖą«.
ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ ąŖøą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖøą«ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ„ąŖ® ąŖ¤ą« coąŖą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖøąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖą«. ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖøąŖ°ą« ąŖ ąŖøąŖ®ąŖą«ąŖ°) ąŖŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ°ąŖ£ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ ąŖøąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«. ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖøąŖ° ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖąŖø ąŖą«ąŖø (GHG) ąŖ¤ąŖ„ąŖ¾ (ąŖą«ąŖ) ąŖøąŖąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾, ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖøąŖąŖ, ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖą« ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖŖą«ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ² ąŖą«ąŖø ąŖą« ąŖ§ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖ¾)ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ®ąŖą«ąŖ° ąŖøąŖ®ą«ąŖą«ąŖąŖÆ ąŖą«.
ąŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖąŖø ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖØąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖµąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ°, ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖæ ąŖøąŖ«ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¦ą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«ąŖą«, ąŖąŖąŖ§ąŖ£, ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖą«ąŖąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ, ąŖŖąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ą«, ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ”ą«ąŖ, ąŖ°ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ, ąŖ®ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ (ąŖ¹ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą« ąŖą«. ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ² ąŖąŖŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ°ąŖ³ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ° (ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ¬ąŖ¤ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¬ąŖØ ąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖÆą«ąŖą«ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖ” ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖąŖøąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖą« ąŖ¹ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą« ąŖą«, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ£ ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ¶ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą« ąŖą«.
ąŖą«ąŖµą« ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ¶ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ąŖ°ąŖ¤ ąŖ ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖŖąŖ·ą«ąŖ ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą« . ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¹ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖąŖø ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖÆą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖµ ąŖØąŖ¹ąŖæąŖµąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖąŖą«ąŖ² ąŖØąŖ„ą«. ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖØąŖ„ą« ąŖ²ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖØąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖµąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖ²ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ„ą«ąŖÆ ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą«ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą«ąŖ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ¦ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖŖą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ§ąŖ£ ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖą«.
ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖµą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖŖąŖæąŖ ąŖ°ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¤ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ³ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖą« ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖøąŖ¾ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ, ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖµąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ ąŖøąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖą« ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ¶ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØąŖæąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖµąŖæąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą«ąŖµąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ąŖæąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ ąŖ„ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖØą«ąŖØąŖØąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° Co)
ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ą« ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ą« ąŖąŖµąŖæąŖ·ą«ąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ£ ąŖµąŖ§ą« ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ. ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą«ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖæąŖ (ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ) ąŖ°ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖÆą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¬ąŖ¹ąŖæąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ®ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖ¹ąŖą« ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą«. ąŖØąŖæąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖØąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖøąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ²ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą«ąŖ.
ąŖą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖ¬ąŖ² ąŖµą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖæąŖąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ·ąŖ£ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą«ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖøąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ¬ąŖ§ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą« (ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ²ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ą«ąŖą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ¬ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ą« ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖŖą« ąŖą«. ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖÆą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ£ ąŖØąŖæąŖąŖ¶ą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖą«; ąŖ¬ą«ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ(ąŖÆą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ)ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ„ą«ąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖÆąŖ¤ą«ąŖØ
– ąŖą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ° ąŖą«, ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¦ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ”ą« ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖøą«ąŖøąŖ¾ ąŖŖą«ąŖøąŖ¾ ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«, : ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖÆą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ) ąŖą«ąŖ¬ ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¬ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ”ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖ£ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ²ą« – ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖ ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾ąŖ§ąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ¤ąŖ°ą«ąŖą« ąŖøą«ąŖµą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖÆą«ąŖą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«.
(1) ąŖøą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆ-ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ (ąŖ°ą«ąŖŖ ąŖą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖø (ąŖąŖ°ąŖ® : ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ§ąŖØ), ąŖąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖ°ą« (ąŖą« ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ¬ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ) ąŖøą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆ-ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¹ąŖ£ – ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ§ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆ-ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¦ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ, ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą«ąŖ·ąŖ¤ąŖ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ°ąŖ¦ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ³ ąŖµąŖæąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ,
(2) ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ°ąŖ³ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖą« ąŖØ ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖæąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆ-ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ¦ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖøą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¶ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¬ą«ąŖ¶ ąŖ¶ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ. ąŖ ąŖøąŖąŖ¦ąŖ°ą«ąŖą« ąŖ¬ąŖæąŖØąŖøąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖøąŖąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖ (NGOs) ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖµą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«, ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖą« (ąŖŖąŖ·ą«ąŖ£) ąŖµą«ąŖąŖ³ą«ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ„ąŖ®ąŖæąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖæąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖµąŖąŖąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖą«. (ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«) ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖąŖ¶ą«ąŖµąŖ¦ąŖæ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ„ąŖ¶ą«.
(3) ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ
ąŖØąŖæąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° – ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖØą«ąŖąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖØą«ąŖąŖąŖąŖ ąŖØąŖæąŖą«ąŖ² ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¢ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖ
ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖ ąŖøąŖąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ£ – ąŖą«ąŖ²-ąŖøą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ£ąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą«ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖøąŖąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ²ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖ – ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖØą«ąŖ (ąŖąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾) ąŖµąŖæąŖ²ą«ąŖŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ, PC ąŖ®ą«ąŖØąŖæąŖąŖ° ąŖą« ąŖ²ą«
ąŖŖąŖą«ąŖŖ
ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ„ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖąŖ® ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖÆą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ³ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¶ ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖąŖ¾ąŖŖ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¶ą« ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ§ ąŖµą«ąŖą«ąŖ·ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ) ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¶ą«.
(4) ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ³ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ¢ąŖąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ§ ąŖŖą« ąŖ²ąŖæąŖ (ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ ąŖµąŖæąŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ«ąŖ°ąŖ«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾) ąŖąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ ąŖ²ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖØąŖ¹ąŖæ ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖæąŖµąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖą« ąŖąŖ®ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą«. ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ³ąŖ„ą« ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖ¦ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ³ą« ąŖ°ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖŖąŖ”ą« ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą« ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖąŖ ąŖ®ąŖøąŖ®ą«ąŖą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¬ąŖØ ąŖ ąŖøąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ³ ąŖ®ą«ąŖą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą«. ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ) ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ³ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ°ąŖ£ąŖØą«ąŖ (ąŖÆą«ąŖą«ąŖÆ) ąŖØąŖæąŖÆąŖ®ąŖØ ąŖ„ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖąŖ£ą« ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖ³ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ ąŖ„ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ.
(5) ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖØ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ§ąŖØą« (A.C,ą«¬) ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖąŖ£ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖøąŖ° ąŖ«ą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖą«. ąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ (ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¢ąŖæąŖąŖ¤) ąŖ.ąŖøą«.ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖą« ąŖąŖæąŖąŖ®ąŖ¤ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ (ąŖąŖą« ąŖµą«ąŖąŖ³ą« ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¶ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ) ąŖ.ąŖøą«.ąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖ„ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ²ąŖąŖąŖ 50 % ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą«ąŖØą« ąŖµą«ąŖąŖ³ą« ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¶ą«.
(6) ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ (ąŖµą«ąŖąŖ³ąŖæąŖ) ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ§ąŖØą«ąŖØą« āąŖøą«ąŖą«ąŖØą«ąŖ”ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ”ā ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¶ą« ąŖØąŖ¹ąŖæ. ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ§ąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ą« / ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ§ (on off) ąŖ«ąŖąŖąŖ¶ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą«.
(7) ąŖ²ą«ąŖą«ąŖØą« ąŖ¶ą«ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖÆą« ąŖØąŖæąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ®ąŖØ ąŖ§ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ą«ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖøąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖøą«ąŖą«ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖøąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖØą« ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ 70 ąŖąŖæąŖ®ą« ąŖą«. ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ¤ąŖąŖØąŖæąŖą« ąŖøąŖąŖ¶ą«ąŖ§ąŖØą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¤ ąŖą«. ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖØą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ąŖæąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¦ąŖ¦ ąŖ®ąŖ³ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ£ ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖ„ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖøąŖ° ąŖØąŖąŖ¬ą«ąŖ§ ąŖą«.
(8) ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖ¾) ąŖąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµą«ąŖąŖ³ą« ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¶ąŖØą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ° ąŖØ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖą« ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¶ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ą« ąŖØ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖŖąŖąŖąŖ¾, ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ° ąŖą« ąŖ.ąŖøą«, ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ§ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ²ą«ąŖą« , ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ¦ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«. ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«) ąŖ¬ąŖæąŖØąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ³ą«ąŖ ąŖą« ąŖøąŖ®ąŖÆą« ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖą«ąŖø (ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ą«) ąŖą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ³ą« ąŖą«. ąŖą«ąŖ¦ąŖ°ąŖ¤ą« ąŖøą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¶ ąŖ®ąŖ³ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ° ąŖą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖÆąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ§ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ® ąŖ„ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖ„ą«) ąŖ¦ąŖæąŖµąŖø ąŖ¦ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖą«ąŖøąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖØąŖæąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ,
(9) ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ą«ąŖØą«, ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ² ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖąŖąŖØą«, ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ³ą«) ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖØąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖµąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ«ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ.
(10) ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ²ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ²ą«ąŖąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆ ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¹ąŖæąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ ąŖ¦ąŖæąŖµąŖøąŖØą« ‘ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖą«ąŖ² ąŖ¦ąŖæąŖØ’ ąŖ¤ąŖ°ą«ąŖą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ, ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¦ąŖæąŖµąŖøą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą«ąŖ·) ąŖøąŖąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ² ąŖąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖąŖŖąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ.
ąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ²ą«ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖæąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ£ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ² ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾. ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ® ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ? ąŖ®ąŖØą«ąŖ°ąŖąŖąŖØąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖøąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«) ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖ°ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ²ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖą«ąŖ² ąŖŖąŖøąŖąŖ¦ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ.
(11) ąŖµąŖæąŖµą«ąŖąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ£ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ¦ą« ąŖąŖ°ą«: 0.5 ąŖ²ąŖæąŖąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖ£ ąŖ¬ą«ąŖąŖ² ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ 1.5 ąŖ²ąŖæąŖąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ ąŖ¬ą«ąŖąŖ² ąŖąŖą« ąŖąŖ ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖąŖą« ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ” ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą«. ąŖ°ąŖæąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ² ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ³ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖØą« (ąŖą«ąŖąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ) ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ¦ą«. ąŖ¤ą« 70 %ąŖ„ą« 90 % ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą«.
(12) ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖ¬ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ°ąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖ£ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ§ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖąŖąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµąŖæąŖŖą«ąŖ² ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖøąŖąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¹ ąŖ„ąŖÆą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«, ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ (ąŖąŖąŖąŖ²ą«) ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖØąŖæąŖÆąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖ£ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖØąŖæąŖ°ą«ąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖÆąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖµą« ąŖ¶ąŖą« ąŖą«.
(13) ąŖąŖąŖąŖ” ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖæąŖąŖąŖ”ą«ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ³ąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ (ąŖą«ąŖ”ąŖµąŖ¾) ąŖą«ąŖąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖµąŖæąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ§ąŖ£ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ§ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖØ ąŖąŖŖąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖąŖ„ą«ąŖØą«ąŖ² ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ«ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖøą«ąŖŖąŖ¦ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖæąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ§ąŖ£ą« ąŖą«.
(14) ąŖą«ąŖµąŖæąŖ ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖąŖØ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖøą«ąŖąŖæąŖ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¢ąŖæąŖąŖ¤ ąŖŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖøą«ąŖąŖæąŖ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ°ąŖ£ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ¢ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¬ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖ„ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«. ąŖą«ąŖµąŖæąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖøą«ąŖąŖæąŖą«ąŖø ąŖŖą«ąŖØąŖąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖŖą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖæąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖŖą«ąŖ¤ ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą«.
(15) ąŖąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖ²ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ą« (ąŖ¤ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ° ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖąŖ ą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ¦ą« ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ, ąŖą«ąŖµą« ąŖą«, ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°, ąŖøą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¦ąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖ, ąŖ«ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ³ ąŖµąŖą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖøąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ°ąŖ£ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖøąŖąŖąŖ¤ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«.
ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ° ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ·ą«ąŖ£ ąŖ„ąŖ ąŖąŖÆą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖæąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖøąŖ”ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµą« ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖąŖ®ą«ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ° ąŖ¤ąŖ°ą«ąŖą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ· ąŖąŖŖą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«.) ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ„ąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖÆąŖæąŖ ąŖµąŖøąŖµąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ. ąŖ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖą«ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖ° ąŖŖą«ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ.
(16) ąŖą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖą«ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖąŖæąŖąŖ ąŖąŖµąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖøąŖąŖ¦ ąŖąŖ°ą«. ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ° ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ°ąŖæąŖ«ąŖæąŖ²ą«ąŖø (ąŖ«ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ¦ą«.
(17) (ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖ°ą« (ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ¬ą«) ąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖ°ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖąŖąŖÆ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖøąŖ°ą«.
(18) ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖæąŖµą«ąŖąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ£ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖøąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖ®ąŖÆąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¤ ąŖą«. ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¶ąŖØą« ąŖ²ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖøą«ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖØąŖæąŖ°ą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖąŖÆąŖ¾ ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖ¬ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ·ą«ąŖ®ąŖ£ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖ£ąŖ®ą«ąŖ² ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖą«. ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¦ąŖøąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖÆąŖąŖąŖ° ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¶ą« ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖŖąŖ·ą«ąŖ ąŖą«.
(ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖøą«ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¶ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖ°ąŖ³ ąŖ°ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¶ą«ąŖą« ąŖ²ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ ąŖØąŖæąŖÆąŖ®ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ, ąŖą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą«, ąŖąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖ°ąŖ£ ąŖ¤ąŖ°ą«ąŖą« ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ¢ą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖØą« ąŖØąŖ³ ąŖą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ą« (ąŖąŖ) ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖ°ą«; ąŖ ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ”ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ§ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ ąŖą« ąŖ¬ą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ ąŖµą«ąŖ¶ąŖæąŖąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¶ą«ąŖØ ąŖąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖµą«; ąŖą«ąŖąŖÆąŖ¤ąŖ³ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ”ą«ąŖ
ąŖ§ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ą« ąŖą«ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«; ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ®ą«ąŖŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¬ą«ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¤ą« ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¶ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ą«; ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖÆą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖØą«ąŖąŖæąŖøą«ąŖŖą«ąŖąŖæąŖ(ąŖąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖ¹ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ¦ąŖµąŖ¾)ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ„ą«ąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ ąŖą«ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ§ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ²ą«.
ąŖąŖµąŖæąŖ·ą«ąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖØą«) ąŖąŖÆąŖąŖąŖ° ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ ąŖąŖą« ąŖ„ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖą«. ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ„ą« ąŖ (ąŖ¤ąŖØą«) ąŖµąŖæąŖµą«ąŖąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖ£ ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖ¶ą«ąŖą« ąŖ²ą«ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖąŖ¤ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖæąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖøąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖµąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖæąŖØ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖæąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ.
(19) ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖąŖ¦ąŖ°ą«ąŖą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¢ąŖæąŖąŖ¤ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖ£ “R’ ā ‘Recycle’, ‘Reduce” and ‘Reuse”ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ą« (ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖÆ) ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖ£ “RąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ²ą«, ąŖą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą« (ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØą« “Repair’ (ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ°ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą«ąŖ) “Reclaim ąŖŖą«ąŖØąŖąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« “Restore (ąŖŖą«ąŖØąŖąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ą«, ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖą«ąŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØąŖæąŖ ąŖąŖ”ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ³, ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµąŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖąŖą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖąŖ° ąŖ«ą«ąŖąŖą« ąŖ¦ąŖąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ.
ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ°ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖøą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ² ąŖŖąŖ”ą« ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ, ąŖ¤ą« ąŖØąŖµą« ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ¦ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ« ąŖąŖ°ą«, ąŖąŖ²ąŖæąŖąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą«, ąŖøąŖ°ą«ąŖµąŖæąŖø ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ«ąŖ°ą« ąŖµąŖŖąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¶ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ²ą«ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ. ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖµą«ąŖ¶ą«ąŖµąŖæąŖ ąŖŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ°ąŖ£ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖØąŖąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ²ąŖąŖ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖ ąŖą« “R ąŖØą« ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¦ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖąŖ²ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ.