Gujarat BoardĀ GSEB Solutions Class 10 English Second Language Supplementary Chapter 18 Mind PowerTextbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
GSEB Class 10 English Textbook Solutions Supplementary Chapter 18 Mind Power (Second Language)
GSEB Class 10 English Mind Power Text Book Questions and Answers
Read the passage and answer the questions.
(1) Thinking is rather a painful activity for most of the people. Many avoid thinking in their day-to-day life. We call them ādull.ā Even if you are not brilliant, you can act as genius by applying right mental skills. Dr Edward de Bono, a psychologist and professor of medicine at Cambridge University, England had suggested some steps to improve thinking. He believes: Thinking skills help in solving the problems of everyday life and everyone can learn them. [Page 78]
Questions :
(1) Why do people avoid thinking ?
(2) Whom do we call ādullā ?
(3) How can you act as a genius ?
(4) Who is Dr Bono ?
(5) What does Dr Bono believe ?
Answers:
(1) People avoid thinking because it is a very painful activity.
(2) People who avoid thinking in their day-to-day life are called ādullā.
(3) We can act as a genius by applying the right mental skills.
(4) Dr Bono is a psychologist and professor of medicine at Cambridge University, England.
(5) Dr Bono believes that thinking skills help in
solving the everyday problem and everyone can learn them.
(2) Plus-Minus, Interesting (PMI): The first step for better thinking is to see things without limiting your vision. Try this experiment. Look around the room for red objects (Donāt read further until you have done so.) Now close your eyes and ask yourself how many green objects there are. Look again. Surprised? You focused attention on red.
It kept you away from noticing things of another colours. It is the same with an idea. When most of us first hear a new idea or a new solution to a problem, we react either liking it or disliking ) it. Then we use our intelligence to support that idea. An easy way to escape this trap is to do a PMI. One normally presents his / her reaction about the idea presented immediately.
Using PMI, think about your school. Spend three minutes writing down every good point you can make about it, every bad point and every point that is neither good, nor bad but simply interesting. The aim of doing a PMI is to achieve broad-mindedness in our thinking. This saves us from becoming the obedient servant of our own prejudices. To put it another way: the PMI is an attention expander; it prevents us from seeing only red. [Pages 78 – 79]
Questions:
(1) Which is the first step for better thinking ?
(2 ) How do we react to a new idea ?
(3) What do we do to support a new idea ?
(4) How will do a PMI of your school ?
(5) What is the full form of PMI ?
(6) What is the aim of doing a PMI ?
(7) What does Bono call PMI ?
Answers :
(1) The first step for better thinking is to see things without limiting your vision.
(2) We react to a new idea by either liking it or disliking it.
(3) We use our intelligence to support that idea.
(4) To do a PMI of my school, I will spend three minutes writing down the good points, the bad points, every point that is neither good, nor bad but simply interesting.
(5) The full form of PMI is Plus-Minus, Interesting.
(6) The aim of doing a PMI is to achieve broad-mindedness in our thinking and save ourselves from becoming servants of our own prejudices.
(7) Bono calls PMI an attention expander.
(3) Consequences & Sequel (C&S): We differ from animals in our ability to imagine the results of our actions. We can greatly improve this ability by learning to use it in a systematic way. The de Bono technique is to imagine the probable outcome of a decision at four distances in the future: immediate, short term (1 to 5 years), medium term
(5 to 25) and long term (over 25 years).
Alternative, Possibilities, Choices (APC):
Edison, in searching for a light-bulb filament ‘ tried thousands of unlikely materials, including cork, fishing line and tar. The key to finding alternatives is to look for possibilities, outside your usual thinking pattern. Learn to āthink wild.ā Let yourself imagine all kinds of possibilities, including those which look impractical or ridiculous. Permit your mind to float free and to take what if offers.
Otherās Point of View (OPV) : A problem normally generates out of conflicts with others. You will better be able to find a solution if you try to look at the situation from the others point of view. [Pages 79 – 80]
Questions :
(1) How do we differ from animals ?
(2) What is the de Bono technique ?
(3) What is the key to finding alternatives ?
(4) āLearn to think wild.ā How ?
(5) When does a problem generate ?
(6) How can you find a solution to a problem ?
Answers :
(1) We differ from animals in our ability to imagine the results of our actions.
(2) The de Bono technique is to imagine the probable outcome of a decision at four distances in the future : immediate, short term, medium term and long term.
(3) The key to finding alternatives is to look for possibilities, outside your usual thinking pattern.
(4) You can learn to think wild by letting yourself imagine all kinds of possibilities, including those which are impractical or ridiculous.
(5) A problem normally generates out of conflicts with others.
(6) We can find a solution if we look at the situation from the otherās point of view.
(4) Repetition : Repetition is a primary but least interesting method of memorizing. You can learn and remember almost anything if you have the patience to repeat it often enough.
Involving Senses : Bringing as many of your senses as possible helps in memorization. If you see an apple, you would carry a certain impression of it, but if you lift it, smell it, taste it, you can create a clear and more lasting memory.
Power of Attention : Use your power of observation, concentration and attention. Attention means sidetracking everything except the thought or experience you want to remember. [Page 81]
Questions :
(1) What does the author say about repetition ?
(2) How can you learn and remember anything ?
(3) What helps in memorization ?
(4) Which power should you use to remember ?
(5) What is attention ?
Answers :
The author says that repetition is a primary but the least interesting method of memorizing.
We can learn and remember anything if we have the patience to repeat it often enough.
Bringing as many of your senses as possible helps in memorization. We should use the power of observation, concentration and attention to remember. Attention means sidetracking everything except the thought or experience you want to remember.
(5) Interest: If you are genuinely interested in the subject you will never forget it. Try to develop deep interest in the subjects or situations, you want to remember.
Understanding : If you do not understand a subject or situation, you cannot be expected to remember it. You must know the logical relations between all the given facts.
Selection : No one can remember everything so select things which are important for you to remember. Many people try to remember telephone numbers. But it is wiser to save the mental energy for more important work. [Page 81]
Questions :
(1) What should you do to remember a subject or a situation?
(2) Which things should you select ?
(3) What is wise thing to do ?
(4) Why canāt you remember a subject or a situation ?
(5) What must you know to remember a subject or a situation ?
Answers :
(1) We should try to develop deep interest in a subject or a situation that we want to remember.
(2) We should select only those things which are important for us to remember.
(3) Saving our mental energy for more important work is a wise thing to do.
(4) We cannot remember a subject or a situation because we do not understand it.
(5) To remember a subject or a situation, we must know the logical relations between all the facts.
Vocabulary Recognition
Select the word having the nearest meaning.
Question 1.
brilliant
A. boastful
B. showy
C. dull
D. intelligent
Answer:
D. intelligent
Question 2.
apply
A. use
B. make
C. produce
D. attend
Answer:
A. use
Question 3.
skill
A. stability
B. talent
C. nature
D. gift
Answer:
B. talent
Question 4.
improve
A. make bad
B. make equal
C. make better
D. make worse
Answer:
C. make better
Question 5.
object
A. statement
B. offer
C. aim
D. thing
Answer:
D. thing
Question 6.
react
A. recollect
B. remember
C. respond
D. recall
Answer:
C. respond
Question 7.
escape
A. run into
B. run away
C. run for
D. run towards
Answer:
B. run away
Question 8.
factor
A. cause
B. result
C. outcome
D. consequence
Answer:
A. cause
Question 9.
minor
A. huge
B. average
C. small
D. big
Answer:
C. small
Question 10.
consequence
A. score
B. cause
C. reason
D. outcome
Answer:
D. outcome
Question 11.
technique
A. gift
B. logic
C. skill
D. technology
Answer:
C. skill
Question 12.
probable
A. possible
B. impossible
C. able
D. unable
Answer:
A. possible
Question 13.
prediction
A. statement
B. announcement
C. forecast
D. declaration
Answer:
C. forecast
Question 14.
perceive
A. misunderstand
B. understand
C. perform
D. conform
Answer:
B. understand
Question 15.
evaluate
A. assess
B. raise
C. lift
D. fail
Answer:
A. assess
Question 16.
choose
A. offer
B. attend
C. give
D. select
Answer:
D. select
Question 17.
alternative
A. attentive
B. competitive
C. option
D. repetitive
Answer:
C. option
Question 18.
ridiculous
A. silly
B. serious
C. sober
D. genuine
Answer:
A. silly
Question 19.
permit
A. legal
B. allow
C. challenge
D. question
Answer:
B. allow
Question 20.
conflict
A. agreement
B. respect
C. clash
D. confidence
Answer:
C. clash
Question 21.
assume
A. appear
B. dress
C. guess
D. wear
Answer:
C. guess
Question 22.
offend
A. hurt
B. offer
C. append
D. add
Answer:
A. hurt
Question 23.
emphasize
A. load
B. stress
C. burden
D. lend
Answer:
B. stress
Question 24.
primary
A. tiny
B. small
C. secondary
D. main
Answer:
D. main
Question 25.
burden
A. money
B. loan
C. load
D. bag
Answer:
C. load
Question 26.
genuinely
A. faithfully
B. truly
C. rightly
D. wrongly
Answer:
B. truly
Information Please Summary in Gujarati
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PMąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ąŖ¾ąŖ³ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖą«ąŖ·ą«ąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ą«ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖą«. ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ ąŖŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖµąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¹ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ§ąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖą«ąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą«. ąŖ ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖØą« ąŖ¬ą«ąŖą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą« : PMI (ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą«) ąŖ¦ąŖ·ą«ąŖąŖæąŖØą« ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖŖ ąŖµąŖæąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖą«; ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ² ąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖØą« ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖą«.
(2) Considering All Factors (CAF):
ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖØąŖæąŖ°ą«ąŖ£ąŖÆ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ® ąŖøąŖąŖ¬ąŖąŖ§ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖæąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą« ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ£ąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖÆ. ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ²ą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖØąŖµą« ąŖøą«ąŖą«ąŖ²-ąŖ¬ą«
ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ¦ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖą« ? CAąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ¦, ąŖąŖæąŖ®ąŖ¤, ąŖøąŖąŖµąŖ” ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖąŖµą« ąŖ¬ą«ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖ£ ąŖą«ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖµą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖąŖæąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖø, ąŖąŖæąŖŖ(ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ§ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖØ)ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ°ąŖąŖą« ąŖµąŖą«ąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖąŖ°ą«.
(3) Consequences & Sequel (C&S):
ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖ®ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖ®ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ£ą«ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖą«ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ”ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ. (ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖ®ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØą«) ąŖŖąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖøąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ¶ą«ąŖą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖ®ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖøą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ. 2 ąŖ¬ą«ąŖØą«ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖØąŖæąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ£ą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖØąŖæąŖ°ą«ąŖ£ąŖÆąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖąŖąŖµąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ£ąŖ¾ ąŖąŖµąŖæąŖ·ą«ąŖÆąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ
ąŖ²ąŖ ąŖ
ąŖ²ąŖ ąŖøąŖ®ąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«.
ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖæąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ ąŖøąŖ®ąŖÆ (1ąŖ„ą« 5 ąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ·ą«), ąŖ®ąŖ§ą«ąŖÆąŖ® ąŖøąŖ®ąŖÆ (5ąŖ„ą« 25) ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¬ą« ąŖøąŖ®ąŖÆ (25 ąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ· ąŖąŖŖąŖ°) ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖąŖ¤ ąŖŖą«ąŖą« : āąŖ¦ą«ąŖØąŖæąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ„ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ² ąŖąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖø ąŖ„ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«? ąŖ ąŖ„ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖØ ąŖµą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ ąŖ²ąŖ ąŖ²ą« ąŖ¤ą«?ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖ®ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ą«.
ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖæąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖ®ąŖÆąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖøąŖ° ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¹ą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¶ą«ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą«? ąŖ¹ąŖµą« ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¬ąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖ®ąŖÆąŖąŖ¾ąŖ³ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖØąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą« ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą«ąŖ, ąŖ„ą«ąŖ”ąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖµąŖąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖØąŖæąŖ°ą«ąŖ£ąŖÆą« ąŖ²ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¶ą«ąŖą« ąŖąŖ¶ą«.
(4) Aims, Goals, Objectives (AGO):
ąŖ
ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖąŖ¦ą« ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą«? ąŖąŖ£ą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ§ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖÆą« ąŖą«ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ
ąŖ„ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą« ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«. ąŖ
ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖą«ąŖąŖø ąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ£ą«ąŖØą« ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ą« ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖµ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ą«. ąŖą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖ§ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖÆą« ąŖØąŖą«ąŖą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ®ąŖøą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ°ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖąŖą«ąŖ² ąŖ¤ąŖ°ąŖ« ąŖ²ąŖ ąŖąŖ¶ą«.
(4) Aims, Goals, Objectives (AGO):
ąŖ
ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖąŖ¦ą« ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą«? ąŖąŖ£ą« ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ§ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖÆą« ąŖą«ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ
ąŖ„ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą« ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖą«. ąŖ
ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖą«ąŖąŖø ąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ£ą«ąŖØą« ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ą« ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖµ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ą«. ąŖą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖ§ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖÆą« ąŖØąŖą«ąŖą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ®ąŖøą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ°ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ®ąŖ ąŖąŖą«ąŖ² ąŖ¤ąŖ°ąŖ« ąŖ²ąŖ ąŖąŖ¶ą«.
(5) First Important Priorities (FIP) :
ąŖąŖ°ąŖ£ 1ąŖ„ą« 4ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖµąŖæąŖµąŖæąŖ§ ąŖøąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖØąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ²ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖŖąŖøąŖąŖ¦ąŖą« ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ£ ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖą« ąŖ„ąŖ¶ą«. ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ²ą« ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖøą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖøąŖ¾ ąŖąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ²ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖą«. ąŖ¬ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą« ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ°ąŖ£ ąŖ®ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖøąŖąŖ¦ ąŖąŖ°ą«. ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ„ąŖ®ąŖæąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ : āąŖ¤ą« (ąŖŖą«ąŖøąŖ¾) ąŖą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ¶ą«?, āąŖąŖą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ²ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖµąŖæąŖ¶ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖø ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«?ā, āąŖŖą«ąŖøąŖ¾ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖ¶ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ ąŖą«?ā ąŖ®ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ³ąŖą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¢ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖąŖ°ą«.
(6) Alternative, Possibilities, Choices (APC) :
ąŖąŖ”ąŖæąŖøąŖØą« ąŖµą«ąŖąŖ³ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ¬ąŖ²ą«ąŖ¬ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ«ąŖæąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ®ą«ąŖØą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ§ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ, ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖŖąŖąŖ”ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ° ąŖøąŖ¹ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖ¹ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ
ąŖØąŖŖą«ąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖŖąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ„ą«ąŖØą« ąŖ
ąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾. ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖ·ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ° ąŖ¬ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖøąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ§ąŖµą« ąŖ ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖŖą« ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ§ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµą« ąŖą«. āąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖøąŖæąŖ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą«ā ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ¶ą«ąŖą«. ąŖ
ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖµąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ
ąŖ„ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖøą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖøą«ąŖŖąŖ¦ ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖøąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖ¹ąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖ¦ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖØąŖ¾ąŖąŖØą« ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ą«. ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖµąŖæąŖ¹ąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ¦ą« ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖą« ąŖąŖŖą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖøą«ąŖµą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ²ą«.
(7) Other’s Point of View (OPV): ąŖ¬ą«ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ·ąŖ„ą« ąŖøąŖ®ąŖøą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą«. ąŖ¬ą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ·ą«ąŖąŖæąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖæąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖøąŖ®ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖÆąŖ¤ą«ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¶ą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖą«ąŖ² ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¶ą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¶ą«. ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ²ą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖµą«ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖøą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ² ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ¦ą« ąŖą«. ąŖ ąŖµą«ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ ąŖą«ąŖą«ąŖąŖø ąŖ®ą«ąŖ”ąŖ² ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ¦ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖøą«ąŖąŖµą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ. ąŖąŖ®ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ® ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¬ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ¬ąŖ° ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ²ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ ąŖØąŖ„ą«. ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¬ą« ąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą« : ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ®ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ³ą«ąŖ ąŖ®ą«ąŖ”ąŖ² ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖąŖŖą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖŖą«ąŖøąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖąŖŖąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ£ą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ ąŖ„ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ¤ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ą«ąŖą«.
ąŖą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖŖą«ąŖøąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¶ą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖµą«ąŖŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖØą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖąŖ ąŖ„ąŖ¶ą«. ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖąŖæąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖ ąŖøąŖ° ąŖŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖ”ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖÆ ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖæąŖąŖ®ąŖ¤ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ąŖ«ąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ¤ ąŖ²ą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖæąŖµąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ ąŖµąŖ§ą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¬ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ² ąŖ¬ąŖ¦ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖŖąŖ¶ą«. ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖąŖ¹ą«ąŖµąŖ¤ ąŖ¤ą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖąŖąŖ³ą« ąŖ¹ąŖ¶ą« ąŖą«; āąŖøąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ§ąŖ„ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖµąŖ§ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą«
ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖøą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¤ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖøą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖą«…? ąŖ ąŖ²ąŖ¬ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤, ąŖ¹ąŖ¾. ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¬ą«ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ§ąŖæ ąŖ§ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ¤ą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖøą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«. ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖøą«ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖµą« ąŖąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖµąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ„ąŖÆą«ąŖ²ąŖ¾ ąŖ ąŖØą«ąŖąŖµą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖŖ ąŖ¦ąŖ¢ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµą«. ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖŖ ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖøą«ąŖŖąŖ·ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØąŖøąŖæąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ”ąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖøą«ąŖąŖ” ąŖ¹ąŖ¶ą«, ąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖ²ą«ąŖ ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖøąŖ°ąŖ³ ąŖ¹ąŖ¶ą«. ąŖ ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¤ ąŖŖąŖąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ.
(1) ąŖŖą«ąŖØąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ąŖØ :
ąŖŖą«ąŖØąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ąŖØ ąŖ ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ®ą«ąŖ³ąŖą«ąŖ¤ ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖøą«ąŖ„ą« ąŖąŖą« ąŖ°ąŖøąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¦ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ ąŖą«. ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖŖą«ąŖØąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖµąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖ§ą«ąŖ°ąŖ ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖąŖąŖ ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖ¶ą«ąŖą« ąŖ¶ąŖą« ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«.
(2) ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖØą«ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ
ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖµąŖ§ą« ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¾ąŖØą«ąŖØą«ąŖ¦ą«ąŖ°ąŖæąŖÆą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖąŖ°ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¦ąŖ¦ąŖ°ą«ąŖŖ ąŖ„ąŖ¶ą«. ąŖą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖøąŖ«ąŖ°ąŖąŖØ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ą« (ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ) ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖąŖ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖŖ ąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¶ą«, ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖąŖ”ą«, ąŖøą«ąŖąŖą«, ąŖąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖŖąŖ·ą«ąŖ ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖ§ą« ąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¬ąŖ¾ ąŖøąŖ®ąŖÆ ąŖøą«ąŖ§ą« ąŖąŖą« ąŖ¶ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµą« ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖąŖą« ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«.
(3) ąŖ§ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖ
ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖØąŖæąŖ°ą«ąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖ£ ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ, ąŖąŖąŖ¾ąŖą«ąŖ°ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖ§ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØąŖØą« ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖØą« ąŖąŖŖąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą«. ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖą« ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ° ąŖą« ąŖ
ąŖØą«ąŖąŖµąŖØą« ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖøąŖæąŖµąŖ¾ąŖÆąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖ¬ąŖ§ą«ąŖ ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ”ą« ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµą«ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖ§ą«ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖØ. ąŖ§ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖØą«ąŖ ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ® ąŖ
ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ°ąŖØąŖ¾ąŖ®ą«ąŖ ąŖąŖ¹ą« ąŖą«: ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¹ąŖØ, 2 ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ§ą« ąŖ°ą«ąŖ”. ąŖ
ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖøą«ąŖŖąŖ·ą«ąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ ąŖ°ą«ąŖ¤ą« ąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖæąŖ¤ ąŖąŖ°ą«
(4) ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ : ąŖ®ą«ąŖ¹ąŖØąŖ¦ąŖ¾ąŖø ąŖąŖ°ąŖ®ąŖąŖąŖ¦ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖąŖ§ą« ā ąŖąŖØą«ąŖ® ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ 2 ąŖąŖą«ąŖą«ąŖ¬ąŖ°. ąŖ¦ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖØąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖµą« ąŖąŖ£ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖæąŖ¤ą« (ąŖ¹ąŖą«ąŖą«ąŖ¤ą«) ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖØą« ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ„ą« ąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¦ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖØąŖµą« ąŖ¹ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖą«ąŖ”ą« ąŖ¶ąŖą« ąŖą«. ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖą«, ąŖą«ąŖąŖ²ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖ°ąŖ³ ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖøąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖ²ą« ąŖąŖą« ąŖ¬ą«ąŖą« ąŖąŖŖąŖ£ą« ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖŖąŖ° ąŖŖąŖ”ąŖ¶ą«.
(5) ąŖ°ąŖø :
ąŖą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖµąŖæąŖ·ąŖÆąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖ° ąŖ°ąŖø ąŖ¹ą«ąŖÆ ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖąŖ¦ą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖ¶ą« ąŖØąŖ¹ąŖæ. ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖąŖ¤ąŖ¾ ąŖ¹ą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖµąŖæąŖ·ąŖÆą« ąŖ
ąŖ„ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖæąŖ¤ąŖæąŖąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ ąŖąŖąŖ”ą« ąŖ°ąŖø ąŖą«ąŖ³ąŖµąŖµąŖ¾ąŖØą« ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖÆąŖ¤ą«ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ą«.
(6) ąŖøąŖ®ąŖąŖ£ :
ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖØą« ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖŖąŖ°ąŖæąŖøą«ąŖ„ąŖæąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖą« ąŖµąŖæąŖ·ąŖÆ ąŖøąŖ®ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖØąŖ¹ąŖæ ąŖ¤ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ¶ąŖą« ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµą« ąŖ
ąŖŖą«ąŖą«ąŖ·ąŖ¾ ąŖ°ąŖąŖ¾ąŖÆ ąŖØąŖ¹ąŖæ. ąŖąŖŖą«ąŖ²ą« ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ® ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ¹ąŖæąŖ¤ą« ąŖøąŖ¹ąŖą«ąŖąŖ¤ą«) ąŖµąŖą«ąŖą« ąŖ¤ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖąŖæąŖ ąŖøąŖąŖ¬ąŖąŖ§ą« ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ£ąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖ°ą« ąŖą«.
(7) ąŖŖąŖøąŖąŖ¦ąŖą«:
ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖµą«ąŖÆąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖ¬ąŖ§ą«ąŖ ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ¶ąŖąŖ¤ą« ąŖØąŖ„ą«. ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ąŖ¾ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖą«ąŖµą« ąŖ®ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖØą« ąŖµąŖøą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖąŖØą« ąŖŖąŖøąŖąŖ¦ąŖą« ąŖąŖ°ą«. ąŖąŖ£ąŖ¾ ąŖ²ą«ąŖą« ąŖą«ąŖ²ąŖæąŖ«ą«ąŖØ ąŖØąŖąŖ¬ąŖ° ąŖÆąŖ¾ąŖ¦ ąŖ°ąŖ¾ąŖąŖµąŖ¾ ąŖŖą«ąŖ°ąŖÆąŖ¤ą«ąŖØ ąŖąŖ°ą« ąŖą«. ąŖŖąŖ£ ąŖ¤ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖØąŖøąŖæąŖ ąŖ¶ąŖą«ąŖ¤ąŖæ ąŖµąŖ§ą« ąŖ®ąŖ¹ąŖ¤ą«ąŖ¤ą«ąŖµąŖØąŖ¾ ąŖąŖ¾ąŖ® ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ¬ąŖąŖ¾ąŖµąŖµą« ąŖ¤ą« ąŖµąŖ§ą« ąŖ”ąŖ¹ąŖ¾ąŖŖąŖ£ąŖąŖ°ą«ąŖÆą«ąŖ ąŖą«. ąŖ¹ą«ąŖ ąŖµąŖæąŖąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖą«ąŖ ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖą« ąŖ®ąŖ¾ąŖ°ą«ąŖ ąŖ
ąŖøą«ąŖ¤ąŖæąŖ¤ą«ąŖµ ąŖą«. ąŖ¤ą«.
Word Meanings:
Phrases
