Computer Class 11 GSEB Solutions Chapter 1 Introduction to Multimedia

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GSEB Computer Textbook Solutions Class 11 Chapter 1 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 1.
What is multimedia ? List the elements of multimedia.
Answer:

The term multimedia has been coined from two terms multiple and media. Multiple means more than one and media means mediums.
Hence multimedia means usage of multiple Medias to communicate.
Multimedia is a combination of different media elements like text, audio, graphics, video and animation.

Question 2.
What is typeface and font ?
Answer:

A typeface is family of characters or letters which have similar look. For example Times New Roman, Arial, Courier etc.
Different typefaces have different style and size known as fonts.

Question 3.
What are interactive objects ?
Answer:

Multimedia presentation to be effective ¡t should have maximum interactivity.
At times the user may want to skip a portion of the presentation or want to again go through that same portion.
The user is given buttons or hyperlinks for navigation in such cases.
When these interactive objects are clicked, the flow of the presentation changes as per the user’s choice.
Earlier the Internet browsers supported only one media element which was text. Text was also limited
to single font and color.
All the media elements described earlier are now supported by latest Internet browsers in different ways.
Some media elements can be handled inline and some require plug-in.
Inline media objects are specified inside the program using a specific <inlinemediaobject> tag in HTML.
Plug-in are extra helper programs that can be easily installed and used as a part of the web browser.
The extent to which a particular media element is employed is determined by the nature and scope
of the project.

Question 4.
Explain the classification of multimedia giving suitable example for each.
Answer:
Generally multimedia is classified into two namely :
(1) Interactive Multimedia
(2) Non-lnteractive multimedia.

(1) Interactive Multimedia :

Interactive multimedia is the sequence and timing of media elements that can be controlled by the user.
For example, a multimedia CD on “Learn Musical instruments”, the user can select on the different musical instruments he/she wants to play. User can also select his favourite song which he/she wants to play using that instrument.
Most of the CD-ROM titles and games available in the market are interactive in nature.
Interactivity increases the user participation and he/she enjoys it more.
The degree of interactivity depends upon the field of the multimedia project.
In traditional mass media like television, radio or newspaper the communication is one-way.
In other words we can say that the process originates from the source and is delivered to the mass audience. For example, a movie has a beginning and an end irrespective of the user watching it on the television or not.
Though these technologies also use video, audio, text and graphics but in an inflexible way.
While in multimedia the user does not remain passive but can control the elements.
Thus, the difference between mass media and multimedia is that there a shift from audience to user and the communication becomes two-way instead of one-way.

(2) Non-lnteractive multimedia :

In Non-lnteractive multimedia the user simply watches the media as it plays from beginning to the end.
He /she has no control over the flow.
For example, a corporate presentation or a multimedia demo.
It is further divided into two parts.

(i) Entertainment Field :

All types of games, movies are examples of Entertainment multimedia.
Where the purpose is to entertain the user.

(ii) Edutainment multimedia :

The multimedia titles that educate the user are classified under edutainment multimedia.
All types of educational CD’s are example of edutainment multimedia.

Question 5.
Explain how multimedia is used in various fields.
Answer:

Multimedia has become an integral part of our life.
Multimedia finds its application in various areas including advertisements, art, education, entertainment, engineering, medicine, mathematics, business and scientific research.

Some of the usage of multimedia in various fields :
(1) Education and Training :

In the area of education, multimedia has a great importance.
We have been using presentations consisting of charts, tables and other objects to impart knowledge since a long time. But now-a-days the classroom education is not limited to the earlier conventional method.
It needs audio and visual media.
Multimedia is used to produce computer based training courses commonly known as CBT.
A CBT lets the user go through a series of presentations, animations, text about a particular as topic along with examples.
CBT are used for almost all the age groups right from kindergarten to post graduates. For example, edutainment CD like Nursery Rhymes or Learn Computers.
Edutainment is an informal term used to describe combining education with entertainment, especially multimedia entertainment.
Multimedia is used extensively in training programs.
Medical trainers and doctors can practice surgery methods via simulation before the actual surgery.
Mechanics can learn to repair the engines or a salesperson can learn about the product details.

Some of the uses of multimedia in education and training are as mentioned below :

Recording or broadcasting lectures.
Using video conferencing we can hear an expert speaker from a distant location.
Demonstrating surgeries or other techniques that learners may not otherwise have the opportunity to see and later put them in practice.
One can record student’s performance to enable feedback.

(2) Advertisement:

In the field of advertising multimedia plays a vital role.
Today, advertising is the major source of launching and promoting a product by the manufacturing companies in the market.
Exciting animations, effects and slogans can make an advertisement popular. This can lead to promotion of the product.
We see so many advertisements today and some of them catch our attention and we ultimately end up buying that product. For example, Jujus and Pug dog in Vodafone advertisement were used to promote the various plans and packages of the company.

(3) Entertainment:

Multimedia is heavily used in the entertainment industry to develop special effects in animations
and movies.
Movies like Ice age, Jurassic Park, Avatar will always be remembered for their special effects and animations.
Multimedia games are very popular among children and a variety of these games are available either as CD-ROM’s or online.
With availability of lot of gaming software programs for individuals or groups, a virtual gaming has become a reality today.
With usage of such software two players in different countries can play a game sitting on their computers.

(4) Journalism :

Multimedia is used a lot in the field of journalism.
There are many magazines and newspaper that are published periodically.
Today not only we see the text in the newspaper, but can also see the photographs.
E-newspapers and E-magazines are also available online where we can see the videos related to particular news.

Question 6.
List the stages in multimedia production. Write about each in brief.
Answer:

Any multimedia presentation must be carefully planned and designed.
Multimedia is applicable to almost all the areas, a plan should be according to the field selected.
For example, An application made for entertainment may not work with an educational application
and vice versa.
Irrespective of the field, the stages in multimedia production remain the same.

There are six stages in multimedia production :
(1) Research and Analysis :

During this stage we need to find out about the audience, their skills, needs and qualification.
We should also gather as much information as possible about the content to be presented.

(2) Scripting and Flowcharting :

Scripting or flowcharting means deciding the flow of the multimedia project.
This is done by making a flowchart to show the main menu and the branching when a user selects a particular option.
For example, if we were designing educational multimedia project on Science for Standard Xl, the home page would display all the chapter names. Selecting a particular chapter would display the explanation, exercises, test and other aspects related to the chapter. Thus we can draw a flowchart starting with our main menu and then the subpages that are linked with each other.
Note : The term scripting here does not refer to action scripting or java scripting.

(3) Story Boarding:

During this stage the actual visualization of the project takes place.
The designer decides how each screen should look like, which media elements are to be used and where to place them on the screen.
The storyboard in our earlier example, will contain the design of the home page, where we will place the buttons, how will they look like, what happens when we click this button and other such required elements.

(4) Prototyping and Graphics :

The designer is ready with the prototype and starts creating the graphics and other media elements to be used in the project.
For example, characters to be used are created.
Sounds and videos are recorded and animations are created.

(5) Programming :
After the collection and construction of media elements, they are combined together into a final product using software packages like Macromedia Flash, Synfig, Flypercard etc.

(6) Checking :

This is the final stage of any multimedia project.
In this stage we check if all the media elements are working as per the requirements or not. Also, whether the audience targeted will find the design and the content attractive or not.

Question 7.
List various file formats used-for the following files.
(a) Audio
(b) Video
(c) Image
Answer:
(a) Audio :

Sound is the most important element of multimedia.
We can define sound as a meaningful speech in any language.
The term sound is used in the analog form.
The digitized form of the sound is called audio.
Text and images without any sound are helpful when we are presenting in front of the audience.
But in the absence of the presenter sound plays an important role.
The best example is when we are viewing an educational CD.
The user can enable or disable the sound option. But the learning process is more enjoyable when it is played with sound.
To make such a kind of multimedia presentation, we need to first record the voice and play it according to the animation in the presentation.
Thus when a user sees the presentation he/she is able to understand it easily by seeing the animation along with the voice.
Now-a-days, computers support multimedia applications. They come along with required hardware and software needed for multimedia applications.
We get inbuilt sound card, speaker, microphone and web camera which are required for multimedia applications.
The operating system provides application that can be directly used for capturing audio and video.
In Ubuntu Linux Sound Recorder program is available. For that microphone and speaker must be connected to the computer.

Follow the given steps to record the sound :

Select Applications → Sound & video → Sound recorder.
It will open this window.

Select File → New option.
Use the Record as drop-down list to select one of the following recording options.
1. CD Quality Lossless (.flac type)
2. CD Quality, Lossy (.ogg type)
3. Voice, Lossless (.wav type)
4. Voice, Lossy (.spx type)
  Note : In the textbook, three options are given. But actually it gives four options as given above.
To start recording, choose Control → Record or click on record button.
Now start recording the voice.

To stop recording, choose Control → Stop or click on Stop button.
To play back the recording, choose Control Play or click on Play button.
To run the audio mixer, choose File → Open Volume Control.
To save the recording, choose File → Save As and type a name for the sound file.
We can also make changes to this sound file like, delete a part of it, change the playback speed, change the playback volume and add echo etc.
Multimedia elements like sounds or videos are stored in media files.
To discover the type of media file we should look at the file extension.

The commonly used audio formats are described in the given table.

File Extension	Type of file	Description
.mid, .midi	MIDI File	MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) files contain music data
,rm, .ram	Real Audio File	.ram (Real Audio Metadata) is combination of audio and video
.wav	Wave File	Waveform audio file.
.wma	Windows Media Audio File	Audio file compressed with windows media compression.
.mp3, .mpga	MP3 Audio File	Compressed audio format

The .wav is uncompressed format widely used on internet. It is supported by all the browsers.
The .mp3 is a new compressed file for recorded music. For recorded music .mp3 is the best choice.

(b) Video :

Any static presentation becomes lively by adding a video.
The term video refers to the sequence of natural scenes captured using analog or digital video capturing device.
This device can be a web camera, digital camera or even mobile phones.
The digital images are played one after the other to create a moving effect.
Carefully planned and well-executed video clips or animations can make a great difference in a multimedia application.

Example :

Let us see how to record a video using VLC media player.
It is essential that you have VLC Media Player installed in your computer, if not then download it from Ubuntu Software Center. It is a free open source multimedia player. Be sure you have webcam connected to the computer.

Let us start recording a video by following the steps given :

Open VLC media player using Application → Sound and Video → VLC media player.

Select Media → Open Capturing Device. This will take you to the Open Media.

Select the video device name and audio device name.

From the Play drop down menu visible in the Open Media select Convert option. This will open the convert dialog box.
In the textbox after Destination file label, select the destination and filename.
Check ‘Display the output’ checkbox to see what you are recording.

Click on the Start button.
Click Stop button to stop recording.
The recorded video can be attached to the multimedia application.

The commonly used video formats are shown in following table.

File extension	Type of file	Description
.avi	Audio Video Interleave File	Developed by Microsoft to play videos in windows environment
.wmv	Windows Media Format File	.wmv (windows media video) is a compressed video format developed by Microsoft for internet streaming applications.
•mpg, .mpeg	Moving Pictures Expert Group File	Popular video format used for creating movies distributed over internet
.mov	Quick Time Format File	Developed by Apple. Files are compressed and are easier to download from internet.
,rm, .ram	RealVideo Format audio and video.	.ram (Real Audio Metadata) are combination of File
.swf, .flv	Adobe Flash Shockwave File	Animated file containing text and images. Created by using Adobe Flash Software
.mp4	MPEG4 Video File	Commonly used for sharing video files on the internet.

Today mp4 is most widely used format for the Internet video.
It is supported by Flash players, YouTube as well as

Generally multimedia presentations are graphics /image based.
Information communicated through images is easier to remember and understand.
Images used in a multimedia application can be of two types.
1. Photographs converted into digital form with the help of scanners.
2. Created on the computer using special softwares.

Computers store the pictures in two types of forms.
(A) Bitmap or raster images :

To store pictures computer uses Pixel Map known as Bitmap or Raster image.
A Pixel (short for picture element) is the small dot on the screen.
A map is a two dimensional matrix of these dots.
Thus, a bitmap is a simple matrix of tiny dots which forms an image on the computer screen.

Each pixel contains values representing a color.
When an image is sent to be displayed on the screen, the picture data is converted to pixels.
E.g. .gif, .jpeg, .png, .tiff, .bmp, .psd etc.

(B) Vector graphics :

Another form of image generated by computers is vector graphics.
They store the images in the form of mathematical equations.
On the screen both bitmap and vector graphics looks the same but when you enlarge the bitmap image, it will blur and the pixels will get enlarged.
The vector images on the other hand looks the same when enlarged.
This is because the data is stored in the mathematical form and the values are recalculated when displayed on the screen.
E.g. .wmf, .cdr, .svg etc.

Typically, these files are compressed to save memory space.
Bitmap image file formats like .gif, .jpeg and .png use compression within the file itself.

Example :

In Open Office Writer, we can insert a picture by going to Insert → Picture.
The pictures used can be a file already present in the computer or we can scan the picture using
a scanner and convert it into digital format.

We can also make changes to our images by using programs like Adobe Photoshop, GIMP MS-Paint and others.
The commonly used image formats are :

File Extension	Type of l ile	Description
.bmp	Bitmap Image	Uncompressed image file used to store bitmap digital images
.gif	Graphical Interchange Format File	Common for web graphics with small images and images with text. Uses limited number of colors.
.Png	Portable Network Graphic	Used to store graphics for web images and supports upto 32-bit colors. It was an improvement over gif.
.jpeg/.jpg	Joint Photographic Expert Group Image File	Common image format used by digital cameras. Supports upto 24-bit colors.
.psd	Photoshop document	Image file created by Adobe photoshop.
.tif	Tagged Image File Format	Highly flexible and platform independent format which is widely used today.

Question 8.
Choose the most appropriate option from those given below:

1) The term multimedia has been coined from which of the following terms ?
(A) mix, media
(B) mid, mediate
(C) multi, mediator
(D) multiple, media
Answer:
(D) multiple, media

2) How many maximum media elements are combined in Multimedia ?
(A) three
(B) four
(C) live
(D) eight
Answer:
(C) live

3) Which of the following terms defines a meaningful speech in any language ?
(A) Video
(B) Sound
(C) Text
(D) Animation
Answer:
(B) Sound

4) Times, Century, Bookman are some examples of which of the following font ?
(A) Arial
(B) Typeface
(C) Serif
(D) Sans Serif
Answer:
(C) Serif

5) Which of the following is an audio file compressed with windows media compression ?
(A) .mid
(B) .wav
(C) .mp3
(D).wma
Answer:
(D).wma

6) Which of the following terms represent the distance between the top of the letter to the bottom point ?
(A) size
(B) style
(C) length
(D) width
Answer:
(A) size

7) Which of the following terms represent typefaces that have different styles and sizes ?
(A) font
(B) text
(C) letter
(D) character
Answer:
(A) font

8) Macromedia Flash, Synfig studio and Pencil are examples of which of the following animation types ?
(A) 3D
(B) 2D
(C) 4D
(D) 5D
Answer:
(B) 2D

9) Which of the following terms represent a small dot on the computer screen ?
(A) Pixel
(B) Point
(C) Cursor
(D) Cell
Answer:
(A) Pixel

10) Which of the following terms represent a classification of images ?
(A) vector, raster
(B) bitmap, raster
(C) picture, clipart
(D) graphics, picture
Answer:
(A) vector, raster

11) Which of the following terms represent a visual change over time ?
(A) text
(B) audio
(C) animation
(D) graphics
Answer:
(C) animation

12) Which of the following terms represent a two dimensional matrix of dots ?
(A) Screen
(B) Map
(C) Cell
(D) Arrey
Answer:
(B) Map

13) Which of the following terms is full form of MIDI ?
(A) Musical Instrument Data Interface
(B) Musical Instrument Digital Interface
(C) Musical Image Digital Interface
(D) Musical Instrument Digital Image
Answer:
(B) Musical Instrument Digital Interface

14) Which of the following terms represent the most common image format used by digital cameras ?
(A) .gif
(B) .jpeg
(C) .tif
(D).bmp
Answer:
(B) .jpeg

15) Which of the following is used to store the images are stored in form of mathematical equations ?
(A) vector
(B) raster
(C) bitmap
(D) picture
Answer:
(A) vector

16) Which of the following devices help us to convert photographs into a digital format ?
(A) scanners
(B) modem
(C) printer
(D) monitor
Answer:
(A) scanners

17) Which of the following terms represent PNG?
(A) Programmable Network Graphic
(B) Photo Network Graphic
(C) Portable New Graph
(D) Portable Network Graphic
Answer:
(D) Portable Network Graphic

18) Which of the following terms represent a helper programs that can be easily installed and used as a part of the web browser ?
(A) Plug-in
(B) Text
(C) Video
(D) Audio
Answer:
(A) Plug-in

19) In which of the following terms can Multimedia be classified ?
(A) Intelligent and Non-intelligent
(B) Interactive and Non-interactive multimedia
(C) Intuitive and Non-intuitive
(D) Informative and Non-Informative
Answer:
(B) Interactive and Non-interactive multimedia

20) In which of the following animation types does the visual change occur in the X and Y axis ?
(A) 2D
(B) 3D
(C) 4D
(D)5D
Answer:
(A) 2D

Computer Class 11 GSEB Notes Chapter 1 Introduction to Multimedia

Communication

Communication is an integral part of our life.
We use various means of communication like radio, newspaper, television, theatre, movies, internet and others. All these medium help us gain knowledge or educate us.
A single medium of information is just not enough to convey meaningful messages to variety of audiences.
For example while talking on telephone to a friend, we can hear his voice but cannot see his facial
expressions. (Only Audio)
When you write letter to a friend describing him about your trip to Shimla-Manali, only the text can be read. You cannot hear the voice of the person. (Only text)
If you send him a picture along with the letter, he can imagine the fun you had during your trip. (Image)
However, if you send a video clip, he could visualize more about the fun you had. (Video)
As you can see, the more mediums of information you use the impact of the communication increases.
Multimedia is all about adding various effects to make communication effective.

Multimedia

Computer capable of running text, images, audio, video and animation is known as multimedia computer.
The combination of all the media elements makes the communication more structured and understandable to the user.
Multimedia is now-a-days used in every field like education, theatre, advertising, fashion, gaming etc. Elements of Multimedia :

Text

Including text in multimedia is the basic step towards development of multimedia presentation.
Text is used to communicate with the user.
Proper use of text and words in multimedia presentation will help to communicate the idea and message to the user.
The textual data for multimedia can be developed using any text editor.
To give special effects we need graphics software.
The text can have different type, size, color and style to suit the professional requirement of the multimedia software.
A typeface is family of characters or letters which have similar look. For example : Times New Roman, Arial, Courier etc.
Different typefaces have different style and size known as Fonts.
Styles are Italic, Bold, Underline and others.
Size is the distance between the top of the letter to the bottom point.
It is expressed in points, for example : 12 point, 20 point and so on.
For example, if we have a font of ‘Arial 12 points’, then Arial is style and 12 point is size.
Typeface is categorized into two types. (1) Serif (2) Sans Serif.

(A) Serif:

Serif is a little decoration at the end of the character.
Serif fonts are easy to read.
They are used for printer pages.
They are usually used when there is a lot of text to be read.
E.g. Times, Century, Bookman etc.

(B) Sans Serif :

As the name suggests, Sans Serif (Sans in French means ‘without’) are without the decoration.
Arial, Verdana and Helvetica are some examples.
They are usually used for headlines and titles.
But on computer screen due to low resolution, Serif fonts are difficult to read than the sans serif.

Text in multimedia is different from the text used in traditional pen and paper method.
In traditional method we convey the information using only text while in multimedia. We have other elements along with text. And these elements work together to convey meaningful information.
Thus we can say that the information is in the form of text, sound, pictures etc.
It should be presented to the user in such a way that he/she is not confused. Thus the text in multimedia should be short, to the point and attractive to get the attention of the user.
If we want to make a presentation on “Enjoy Computer with Divyakant Sir” using OpenOffice Impress.
First, we need to create a main page with the title “Enjoy Computer with Divyakant Sir”.
We can simply type the text but to make it more attractive we can use Fontwork.

The steps to create the text are as mentioned :

Open a blank presentation in OpenOffice Impress.
Click on View → Toolbars → Drawing. This will open the drawing toolbox.
On the Drawing toolbar click on the Fontwork Gallery icon.
A Fontwork Gallery dialog box as shown will open.

In the Fontwork Gallery dialog box, select any style that you like and click on the OK button. „ The Fontwork object is inserted into the document.

Double click on the object to enter into the text edit mode. Type the content “Enjoy computer with Divyakant Sir” to replace the default content.
Press ESC key to exit the text edit mode.
You can now see that the text “Enjoy Computer with Divyakant Sir” appears on the slide as shown in the figure.

Save the file for further use. By default .odp extension is given to this file.

Animation

Animation can add great power to any multimedia application.
Any static presentation becomes lively by adding an animation.
Animation is a visual change over time.
Animation is created from drawn pictures and video is created using real time visuals.
Some examples of animation are movies like Kung Fu Panda and Smurfs.
Animations can be classified as two¬dimensional (2D) or three dimensional (3D).

(1) 2D Animation :

In 2D animation the visual change occurs on the x and y axis of the screen.
This type of animation is simple.
Some examples of 2D animation software are Macromedia Flash, Synfig studio and Pencil.

(2) 3D Animation :

In 3D animation the visual change occurs along three axis namely x, y and z.
This type of animation gives almost a realistic view of the image as can be seen by the human eye.
Some examples of 3D animation softwares are Maya, Blender and 3D Max.

GSEB Computer Textbook Solutions Class 11 Chapter 1 Introduction to Multimedia

Computer Class 11 GSEB Notes Chapter 1 Introduction to Multimedia

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